Once ubiquitous, the incandescent light bulb has become something of a lucerna non grata lately. Banned from home lighting, long gone from flashlights, and laughed out of existence by automotive ...

If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.

AGC (automatic gain control) amplifiers are frequently used devices. Their gain is a function of the level of their input signal. The main function of AGC amplifiers is compression of a signal, but ...